Browning Peal Essay

Cooking PEAL Essay Robert Browning utilizes numerous methods one such model being his constant reference to ladies being like roses. Searing utilizations the symbolism of roses all through the sonnet to speak to ladies and womanliness. It is a typical practice in writing for artists to allude to ladies as blossoms, specifically roses, for example, Browning has done in ‘Women and Roses’. This is on the grounds that they speak to common magnificence that has been made by God, which praises the lady Browning is discussing in light of the fact that it shows his sentiments on how he accepts they don’t need to attempt to be beautiful.Roses additionally speak to love and energy, the shading red is a cozy shading that speaks to temptation and now and again threat as observed in ‘Of Mice and Men’ where Curley’s spouse is alluded to as having â€Å"full rouged lips† and â€Å"red fingernails†. The thistles on roses proceeds with this subjec t of expected hazard, in light of the fact that the basic thought of men picking roses for ladies could harm the man because of the thistles on the stem, this could speak to how men need to battle past the hard things in affection to get to the excellence or the woman.In ‘Women and Roses’, Browning additionally utilizes roses as a portrayal of the phases through a woman’s life going into womanhood and how she develops from a youthful shoot brimming with guarantee to something staggeringly excellent and normal and inevitably to an old and withered bloom, â€Å"bees pass it unimpeached†. The sonnet is tied in with discovering ideal love with a lady, which is spoken to as finding a rose without any thistles, thistles being the difficulty in a relationship or a woman.Browning composed ‘Prospice’ after his darling spouse, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, passed on in 1861. The sonnet shows Browning’s convictions on death and how he feels that he will by and by be brought together with his affection in life following death. The title ‘Prospice' can be deciphered as ‘look forward’, and in this sonnet, distributed in 1864, Browning is probably anticipating demise, when he expects ‘I will fasten thee again’, which means he will be with Elizabeth once more.Such good faith appears to balance perceptibly with the strict uncertainty or looking of numerous Victorian authors. In any case, Browning doesn't guarantee that there is anything simple turning around death, rather he gives one method of adapting. He gives the ‘Arch Fear’, demise, a ‘visible form’ so he can envision taking him on in one final battle to show that he won't be taken effectively, ‘Barriers’ and ‘guerdon’ recommend a competition occurred. In ‘A Woman’s Last Word’ Browning utilizes Roman numerals to show the separating of an omplex subject, for example, a womanâ €™s sentiments after a contention. By doing this it makes it simpler for the peruser to follow and recognize the various phases of emotions the character experiences and furthermore shows the adjustments in bearing of her mentality until she arrives at accommodation towards her affection. This is a decent procedure utilized as he composed the sonnet from a woman’s perspective and has gone into a great deal of detail on how she feels and responds to the contention.

Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned

Smoking has been a piece of our life for a long time now. It has developed from basic tobacco type abounded in leaf to an increasingly refined stick that has channel. Numerous individuals as a result of the smoke it produces. Numerous examinations have recommended that smoking conveys with it a wide range of illness entanglements and that it ought to be constrained if not completely prohibited. As I would like to think smoking should be restricted out in the open places as it not just effectsly affects the non smokers present there yet in addition may make unfavorably susceptible hacking numerous individuals. Plus, numerous youths are entranced by the demonstration of smoking and attempt to copy it which may later form into a propensity. The as a matter of first importance contention for the execution and guideline of a smoking boycott is clearly, wellbeing related. Nobody who smokes is unconscious of the different sick impacts that it has. The quantity of synthetic compounds that are available in one single cigarette is stunning. Also, customary smoking can prompt serious wellbeing conditions like oral malignant growth, lung disease, and so forth. Why somebody would need themselves to experience such a difficulty is past the vast majority. While smokers may contend that it is a dependence, what they can't answer is that: is this fixation more grounded than the estimation of their lives? The more they smoke, the more helpless they become to antagonistic wellbeing conditions. Along these lines, there's no genuine rationale in individuals to need them to quit smoking, in private or out in the open, however for their own better wellbeing. Smoke which emerges when an individual smokes a cigarette, await or stogie is progressively risky to an aloof smoker who breathes in the smoke being in close region of the dynamic smoker. The smoke being breathed in by the previous is unfiltered in this way causing all the more sick impacts. A few aspiratory illnesses, for example, hack, bronchitis, asthma and last yet not minimal carcinoma of lungs may happen as an outcome of smoking. Next, this might be the most abused contention for individuals to quit smoking within the sight of others: the aloof smoking impact. Dislike they don't have the foggiest idea about that they are placing others' wellbeing and lives at serious risk, they do it disregarding it. Smoking around individuals affects their wellbeing too. Now and again, these conditions can deteriorate than those of the smokers themselves. Where's the equity in that? Individuals who smoke get influenced, and individuals around them, as a result of them, get influenced as well. It's about time that smokers understood their deliberate numbness and assumed some liability. Notwithstanding themselves, in any event for people around them. On the off chance that they contend about their ‘rights' being encroached by prohibiting smoking, shouldn't something be said about the privileges of those getting influenced by their relentless puffing? Are they not qualified for clean natural air to relax. The spotless, outside air that smokers make it so hard to keep up. Numerous nations, for example, India have actualized a restriction on open smoking. It has gotten compulsory to have no smoking zones in all eating joints, diversion focuses and so on. This training may appear as a checking of ones right to opportunity particularly to the smokers yet definitely this progression will go far in accomplishing a more beneficial way of life. Numerous individuals who step by step become mindful of the evil impacts of smoking are turning towards dead style habitats to dispose of this propensity. Indeed, even the backers of smoking in open zones object to the training with regards to their off springs. Seeing the older folks smoking ignites comparable want in a youth along these lines bringing forth another age behind smoker. Attentively or incidentally, smokers do will in general impact everyone around them. Regardless of whether it is a youngster who's simply entered secondary school, or a small kid watching his dad smoking at home or even a working proficient who is attempting to fit in with his partners; it is anything but difficult to get affected by somebody who is seen smoking, particularly when the smoker gives it so much significance and commends it like it is the best activity. This certainly affects what the individual thinks about smoking, and it as a general rule, drives individuals to start smoking. In the event that smokers contend that it is dependent upon the individuals to settle on their own choices and that they shouldn't smoke on the off chance that they would prefer not to, at that point they are profoundly belittling the intensity of friend pressure. Taking everything into account, To dodge these shades of malice of smoking and guarantee a sound stage for the young it isn't just our obligation yet need of the day to censure such practices in the event that not totally, at that point at any rate socially.. Guaranteeing smoking withdrawal side effects is only a reason that smokers take shelter in. What they don't understand is that they have the ability to control, and in the long run stop the horrendous propensity that has influenced and keeps on influencing millions over the globe. Will they not make it a superior, cleaner and more secure spot to live in for their own people in the future? In this way, if an answer is required for the inquiry: should smoking be restricted in broad daylight puts or even in private zones, at that point it is an extremely clear one: YES, it should! When all is said in done, I think the world be a superior spot without cigarettes. In any case, the choices with respect to whether to smoke or not ought to be for every person to make.

Panelists consider income inequality, media, and 2016 election COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Panelists consider income inequality, media, and 2016 election COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Joseph Stiglitz, Patricia Cohen, and Michael Massing examine how concerns about inequality gained media spotlight “The 1 percent has been a really useful framing device,” said economics reporter Patricia Cohen of the New York Times, “but I think it’s more a question now of the 0.01 percent or 0.001 percent, in terms of that concentration of wealth.” Cohen was speaking at a February 23 event on “Income Inequality, the Media, and the 2016 Presidential Election.” She and fellow panelists Joseph Stiglitz, the SIPA professor and Nobel Laureate, and Michael Massing, author and contributor to the New York Review of Books, discussed the role that the media has played in giving inequality its current cultural moment. Stiglitz cited a study put out by Oxfam that he called a very “cogent image” of the economic inequality the world faces today: a bus of around 60 attendees at the Davos World Economic Forum contained as much wealth as the poorest 3 billion citizens in the world. But while the media ultimately “did play a role” in highlighting inequality, he said, “reality also played a role.” Watch the entire program here Stiglitz explained that median income in the United States is now lower than it was 25 years ago, and real wages are lower than they were 60 years ago. He called these “astounding numbers for a country that claims to be having economic progress.” Event moderator Anya Schiffrin, director of the International Media, Advocacy, and Communications Specialization at SIPA, reminded the audience that while income inequality might in fact be having such a cultural moment, there is a long tradition of waxing and waning public interest in the subject across decades. She brought up the example of Huey Long and Father Coughlin, two well-known agitators against income inequality during the 1930s, as the “historic roots of what we’re seeing today.” Panelists also connected the media and the public’s fixation on inequality with the rise of populist candidates in the 2016 presidential election. Massing said that while polls were helpful, he wanted reporters to dig deeper to provided a more nuanced understanding of why Americans support candidates such as Donald Trump or Bernie Sanders. “The press, with each election,” he said, “is more and more in the dark.” This event was hosted by SIPA’s United States regional specialization, the Urban and Social Policy  concentration, and the International Media, Advocacy, and Communications Specialization. â€" Lindsay Fuller MPA ’16 Pictured (from left): Anya Schiffrin, Patricia Cohen, Michael Massing,  Joseph Stiglitz

10A2 UnitActivity 1 Essay - 670 Words

Unit 2: Critical Reading This Unit Activity will help you meet these educational goals: 21st Century Skills—You will employ online tools for research and analysis, use critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, and communicate effectively. Introduction Critical reading is a way of analyzing texts that involves an active examination of each argument in the text and the evidence supporting it. Critical reading helps to identify the ideas in the text, the position the writer takes on the issues discussed, and the underlying logic of the discussion. That is, critical reading helps to decipher the writer’s way of thinking. The first step in critical reading is to preview the text to grasp the main ideas. Next, you annotate and†¦show more content†¦To conclude your article, state your own opinion about the issue discussed in the three articles, providing sufficient evidence to support your viewpoints. Type your response here: __________________________________________________________________________ Evaluation Your teacher will use these rubrics to evaluate the completeness of your work as well as the clarity of thinking you exhibit. Task 1: Critical Reading Concepts Distinguished (4 points) Accurately identifies the arguments put forth by each writer Accurately identifies the evidence supporting the arguments Incisively assesses the credibility of the evidence provided Proficient (3 points) Identifies most of the arguments put forth by the writers Identifies most of the evidence provided to support the arguments Assesses the credibility of most of the evidence provided Developing (2 points) Identifies some of the arguments put forth by the writers Identifies some of the evidence provided to support the arguments Assesses the credibility of some of the evidence provided Beginning (1 point) Identifies a few arguments put forth by the writers Does not identify evidence to support the arguments Does not assess the credibility of the evidence provided in the articles Task 2: Summarize Your Ideas Concepts Distinguished (4 points) Accurately identifies and states the strengths and weaknesses of the analyses Consistently provides highly

Columbine And Sandy Hook Pop Up - 1306 Words

When thinking about school shootings names like Columbine and Sandy Hook pop up. Those are the most tragic by far, however everyone always ask why such a horrible crime happens, but no one has never stopped and researched why such hate crimes like those happen. Instead people resort to Channel 2 or Fox 5 for answers, not realizing that their story isn’t the full truth. I am truly against school shootings; looking for answers myself. If there’s one thing I’ve picked up from the media is how they portray school shootings with mental illness, but according to Alfred.edu/teen violence says, â€Å"They want to get back at those who hurt them or revenge.† Many adults always struggled to realize why things as vigorous as shootings happens; also fail to realize they are the start of something so tragic. There are several reasons that lead to a school shooting but only five are common. Revenge as Justin Nutt states, â€Å"Is pure hatred showed to relieve stress.â €  (Nutt, J. Dec 14). Many articles tend to base their beliefs over school shootings on revenge, because of the age and choice of a crime. These crimes are not random; are particularly committed by an older age male seeking to let go of some type of stress. You can even use the Florida State shooting in 2014 as an example, â€Å"The FSU shooter was dealing with emotional and physiological problems.†(Rossman, S., Etters, K.) The student was a former FSU graduate who was attending law school at Texas Tech University; was staying with aShow MoreRelatedVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 Pageswas not able to conduct the research. However, for this paper I chose to conduct a literature analysis to see what research has been conducted and to seek out gaps and themes in this research. Introduction After the elementary school shooting of Sandy Hook in 2012 this issue of violent video games became a hot issue calling for a connection of violence to video games. However, the final investigative report suggested that he was more a fan of nonviolent games (Ferguson, 2015). Video game violenceRead More We Must Work To End Gun Violence Essay example2082 Words   |  9 Pagesof guns and their place in our history and culture (Sheremer). Most of these debates occur after a mass shooting. There has been multiple tragedies including Sandy Hook, Colorado movie theatre, Columbine, and others that lead us to the question; Why are people still able to purchase high powered guns so easily? Although that question brings up many good points, the more important question we should be asking ourselves is, are guns really the issue or is mental illness the reason why these horrifyingRead MorePrevention And Prevention Of Bullying2671 Words   |  11 Pageslarge portion of suicide attempts. Jamey Rodenmeyer’s suicide at the age of fourteen was one of the most attention-grabbing suicides in the last decade. Rodenmeyer was well known for posting anti-bullying videos and messages online up to that point. In the hours leading up to his death, Rodenmeyer posted his remaining messages online detailing his feelings about the constant harassment he’d dealt with. His death outraged many people, mainly due in part to the reasons behind it. Most people are slowly

The Medicine Wheel (Lakota Sioux) Free Essays

Symbols, such as the medicine wheel, are common among Sioux Indians, especially the Lakota Sioux. The Lakota Sioux believed each section of the medicine wheel had some spiritual significance. To them, the medicine wheel represents enlightenment, growth, strength and knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on The Medicine Wheel (Lakota Sioux) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each color on the medicine wheel signifies a different season and lifestyle. Inside the circle is a cross shape. The cross symbolizes the four directions, and also the Four Lakota Virtues. The shape of the wheel represents the never ending circle of life and death. It means the Alpha and the Omega, Beginning and End, and to the Lakota Sioux, represents unity in the Great Spirit. One of the four sacred colors found on the medicine wheel is red. It is located at the top left hand side of the four corners. Red symbolizes several things, including north; this (north) symbolizes the passing of the ancient and ancestors. â€Å"North brings cold harsh winds of the winter season† ( ). This cleansing wind causes the leaves to fall and buries the earth underneath a blanket of snow. Lakota Sioux believed â€Å".. If someone had the ability to face these harsh winds, like the buffalo, they have learned patience and endurance† ( ). The element of the North is Air. Air is movement and†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ freedom – the clearing of thoughts and the carrier that allows us to manifest our dreams† ( ). Air represents the mind. The color red and that section of the wheel also symbolize wisdom. They believed wisdom to be of one of the best qualities, and is usually met in or after death. Red also represents the last part of the lie cycle: afterlife White is the second of the four sacred colors found on the medicine wheel of the Lakota Sioux. It is located at the bottom left corner on the medicine wheel. â€Å"White stands for youth and friendship† ( ). It represents the south. This direction is for warmth and growth since the sun is at its highest peak in the southern sky. â€Å"The sun’s rays are powerful in drawing life from the earth† ( ). The Lakota Sioux believed life of all things come from the south, so this section also represents the second phase of the llie cycle. † The South is where our journey through life begins – with the knowing of self† ( ) Yellow is the third of all the sacred colors found on the medicine wheel. Yellow signifies the east where the sun rises. This brings us the energy of adventure. The Lakota Sioux believed this to symbolize family and newborns. This is also the beginning of a new day and a new understanding of life and people. â€Å"On a deeper level, east stands for the wisdom in helping people live good lives† ( ). This section is located at the bottom right corner of the medicine wheel. The element of the East is Fire. Fire is the radiant energy of transformation. Fire contains the great power of expansion† ( ). They believed this section of life is to help us find innocence and purity. It is a great path among the rode to spirituality. Black is the last color section in the medicine wheel. It is located in the top left hand corner. Black signifies the west, where the sun sets and the day ends. The color is black, not in nothingness, â€Å".. but the black of â€Å"all things†Ã¢â‚¬ ( ). It is the color of mystery and of the unconscious. The Lakota Sioux believed the west the be the source of all water, so this section is vital. The great thunderbird lives in the west and sends thunder and rain from this direction† ( ). Back represents solitude, reflection and growing old. The direction of South was our beginning of knowing who the â€Å"self† is. â€Å"The direction of the West deepens this knowing through dreams and visions of the future† ( ). They believed the element of the West is earth. Earth is passive, receptive and nurturing. A deep connection with earth is needed to bring ourselves into balance with Universe. Black is the second to last part of the life cycle: death. How to cite The Medicine Wheel (Lakota Sioux), Papers

Loyalty Behaviour among Malaysian Customers †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Determinants Influencing Pharmacy Loyalty Behaviour among Malaysian Customers. Answer: Introduction: This section of the research aims to concentrate on discussing the various dimensions or concepts of the research. As discussed in the first chapter, the research dimensions here include satisfaction, trust, perceived service quality and perceived value. After identification of the above-mentioned variables, this section intends to describe the overview and definitions of these variables. After that, the previous researches related to each variable have been evaluated to identify the factors affecting pharmacy loyalty behaviour among the customers of Malaysia. In addition, the chapter aims to evaluate the guiding framework based on the independent and dependent variables of the research. Finally, this chapter aims to discuss the relationship between the independent and dependent variables by formulating relevant hypotheses. Research dimensions/concepts: The dimensions of the research include satisfaction, trust, perceived service quality and perceived value. These dimensions have been discussed in terms of the following factors: Overview: Trust: In the words of Athavale et al., (2015), trust could be considered as belief and confidence that the customers have with the organisations by taking into account the aspects to be delivered. In other words, trust is an association that links the customers with an organisation. In addition, it is associated between the staffs of an organisation. The greater level of trust relies upon each other in corporate organisations along with the level of commitment. Hence, the pharmaceutical businesses in Malaysia need to develop trustworthy relationships with their customers for ensuring success in the operating market. Therefore, the successful business is formed on a simple and significant business concept, which is trust. With the help of trust, it is possible to form a lifetime customer base. However, developing this trust needs plenty of time and hard work (Ariff et al., 2013). Hence, customer trust could be obtained with the help of the following points: Transparency of the products or services: The pharmacy industry of Malaysia need to identify the wants of the customers and the way they look for it while selling products both in online and offline platforms. In this context, Blut et al., (2014) stated that it is the responsibility of the organisations to abstain from misrepresenting the advantages of the products or services offered. Thus, the Malaysian pharmacy industry is required to provide accurate information to the customers to determine whether it meets their specific challenge. In addition, the organisations in this industry could encourage and offer reviews to portray on the products and landing pages or including a section of testimonials to their websites. Such sort of impartial information is highly important for the purchasers. It has been observed that above half of the online customers look for reviews to undertake smart decisions. Finally, the organisations need to provide proper response to both positive and negative reviews. Thus, accurate and near accura te reviews could set off red flags for most customers. Overview of the target audience and way of communicating with them: It is of utmost importance for an organisation to gain an understanding of the customer base, since it is the key to ensure business success (Cantallops Salvi, 2014). Thus, the pharmacy companies of Malaysia are needed to devote time by listening to their needs and wants. These organisations could use the applications of free analytics tools online for better understanding of the audience behaviour. These tools could take the form of Micro Poll, Survey Monkey and Google Analytics (Cetin Dincer, 2014). In addition, the pharmacy firms of Malaysia could develop open communication routes with the help of social media like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. This would help the firms to understand about their lifestyles, the products used and the missing features from their daily lives. The customers would share their opinions, in case; the organisations seek the same from them. Offering effective services to the customers: In the words of Chou, Lu Chang (2014), when a brand earns the trust of the customers, 83% of the customers would recommend the same to their acquaintances, while 82% of the customers would carry on by using the products of the brand. Thus, obtaining customer trust initiates with delivery of effective quality services. Such services would comprise of responsiveness, timeliness and capability to surpass the desires of the customers. Hence, the pharmacy industry of Malaysia could depict authentic concern and keenness in helping its customers go a long path. The greater time the organisations devote on planning for providing effective customer services, the lower time is needed to deliver the same. This would ultimately result in attaining brand loyalty. Making and keeping promises: As commented by Chen (2015), the customers desire for consistency that includes offering products to satisfy the customers coupled with excellent services. These would take into account the following: Clearly depicted and developed policies in terms of service, return and shipping Post-purchase follow-ups through e-mail Follow-up on the service issues that are already resolved Quick responses to the comments on websites, blogs, social media, calls and e-mails Thus, with the help of consistency, business growth could be assured and it would help in enhancing the profit margin of the organisations. The organisations are required to maintain transparency and reliability by keeping the promises that are intended to meet the customer expectations. Finally, marinating effective business associations implies that the Malaysian pharmacy firms could deliver according to the promises made each time. This needs considerable effort; however, such hard work would be beneficial to the organisations at the time the customers begin trusting their products and services. This is because delivering effective services beyond customer expectations would result in increased repeat purchases (Fall Diallo et al., 2013). Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is a marketing concept, as it gauges the way the products or services of an organisation surpass the expectations of the customers. In the current era, customer satisfaction is considered as a significant aspect for any business, as it provides the marketers and owners with a metric for managing and improving the same. Customer satisfaction is important for the pharmacy industry of Malaysia due to the below-stated reasons: Indicator of loyalty and repurchase intentions: With the help of customer satisfaction level, the pharmacy companies of Malaysia would obtain an overview of the customer behaviour regarding their future purchase decisions. In order to ascertain this level, the organisations could seek feedbacks from the customers with the help of rating scale to determine the possibility of repeat purchases or advocates. For instance, if a customer provides a rating of 7, the organisation could expect the same to visit again for repeat purchases. In a similar fashion, a customer rating the organisation as 9 or 10, are the potential advocates that could leverage for becoming evangelists for the organisation. On the other hand, a score of 6 or below 6 could be considered as a warning sign regarding the satisfaction of the customers and hence, they might leave the organisation. Therefore, the pharmacy firms of Malaysia need to keep track of these customers through adequate follow-up to determine their low level of satisfaction. Point of differentiation: In the existing competitive environment, the organisations compete to increase their overall customer base and thus, customer satisfaction is considered as a major differentiator. Hence, in such cutthroat environment, the successful businesses are the ones that consider customer satisfaction as a major constituent of their business strategies. It is crucial for the pharmacy industry of Malaysia to deliver excellent customer experiences by creating environments to increase the level of satisfaction and customer advocates. Minimisation of customer churn: In the words of Kim et al., (2014), price is not the primary reason for customer turnover; instead, the poor quality of customer service is the major cause. Thus, with the help of customer satisfaction metric, the pharmacy firms of Malaysia could be able to minimise the turnover of the customers. This is because with the help of gauging and detecting customer satisfaction, these organisations could place new processes for increasing the overall customer service quality. The monitoring of these new processes need to be conducted to determine the effect of new initiatives on the level of customer satisfaction. Rise in lifetime value of the customers: According to the research of Lee (2013), a fully satisfied customer contributes revenue, which is 2.6 times greater in contrast to a partially satisfied customer. Moreover, the research has also identified that am entirely satisfied customer contributes revenue, which is 14 times greater in contrast to a partially dissatisfied customer. Hence, customer satisfaction is the key to generate revenues for the pharmacy industry of Malaysia. In order to be successful, the pharmacy organisations of Malaysia need to gain an insight regarding the importance of lifetime value of the customers. This is because with the rise in lifetime value, the returns on marketing could be increased as well. Minimisation of negative word of mouth: According to the research work of Liu Zhang (2014), a unsatisfied customer shares experience among 9-15 people. In addition, 13% of the unsatisfied customers share their experience to over 20 people. This implies negative word of mouth. It has been observed that customer satisfaction is tightly associated with revenue and repeat purchases. Most of the organisations often tend to forget the effects of negative customer satisfaction on their businesses. Thus, in order to eradicate negative word of mouth, the pharmacy companies of Malaysia are required to gauge customer satisfaction on ongoing basis. Observing the variations in satisfaction would help them in identifying whether the customers are happy with their products or services. Perceived service quality: Perceived service quality could be described as the perception of the customers regarding the overall quality of a product or service related to the purpose and alternatives. The perceived service quality could help the pharmacy industry of Malaysia in the following ways: Satisfied shareholders: By increasing the service quality, the business organisations could obtain satisfactory responses from the customers, which would result in increased sales. With such rise in sales, there is an increase in satisfaction level of the shareholders and they would tend to make increased investments (Pratminingsih, Lipuringtyas Rimenta, 2013). As a result, the organisations would experience an increased return on investments. Increased business growth: The quality of service would help in boosting the business growth of the pharmacy industry of Malaysia. Thus, with the help of quality services, these organisations could diversify their customer base. However, customer service needs to be increased further, as this is the key in retaining the existing clients and stand out of the crowd. Effective business strategies: With the help of perceived service quality, the pharmacy companies of Malaysia could encourage the customers for encouraging the customers to obtain feedback and comments are a major part of the quality customer service. Thus, by following the feedback of the customers for evaluating the strengths and weaknesses is to gain an overview of the customer expectations with effective business strategies (Lee, 2015). Perceived value: Perceived customer value is a concept associated with branding, which represents that the product success is heavily based on the beliefs of the customers regarding their satisfaction of needs. In other words, when a firm creates its brand and promotes its products, the customers ascertain the way of interpreting and reacting to marketing messages. Thus, the pharmacy industry of Malaysia is needed to devote additional time in market research to gain an overview of the thoughts and feelings of the customers. Perceived value could be better understood with the help of the following points: Value proposition: As commented by Segoro (2013), value proposition is the contrast of benefits offered on the part of a firm to its customers in relation to the product prices. Therefore, the pharmacy firms of Malaysia could impact the value proposition in two ways. Firstly, they could utilise long-term brand development advertising for emphasising the key attributes of the products and brand. Secondly, they could lower down the cost structure for increasing value. Research: The marketers develop advertising messages and deliver the same o different customers with the help of media tools. With the help of market research, the pharmacy companies of Malaysia could gain an insight of the responses of the customers relative to media. Thus, focus groups, test markets and surveys are the options that the pharmacy industry of Malaysia could use to ascertain the needs and wants of the customers. Messages: In order to affect the value perceptions, the organisations attempt to deliver messages indicated in the research to develop the desired sense of value with the customers (Picn, Castro Roldn, 2014). Therefore, low costs could be given priority, since it only needs regular communication associated with the benefits of low cost and commitment delivery. Definition: Trust: According to Liao, Wang Yeh (2014), customer trust is a firm belief or confidence in honesty, reliability, integrity and confident expectations of the customers. Most of the organisations are of the belief that they could be trusted; however, the needs and preferences of the customers tend to change from time to time. As commented by Rabbanee, Burford Ramaseshan (2015), these organisations expect their products to meet the expectations and in case, they feel that they are unable to meet the same, the customers are treated equitably. It has been observed that trust is considered as a belief of a party that the other party would conduct transactions in accordance with the expectation of the first party under uncertain conditions (Gursoy, S. Chen G. Chi, 2014). Thus, customer trust in the pharmacy industry is the willingness of the customers to trust the products and websites of the organisations. Customer loyalty could be regarded as the commitment to utilise products or services in future. In the context of the pharmacy industry of Malaysia, loyalty could be considered as the intention of the customers for purchasing from online and offline sources. In addition, another intention of the organisations is to provide effective services to the customers so that the customers do not switch over to the other brands offering identical products and services. Hence, in order to build customer loyalty, it is crucial for the Malaysian pharmacy industry to earn the trust and confidence of the customers. Satisfaction: According to Kandampully, Zhang Bilgihan (2015), customer satisfaction gauges the customer expectations involving a product or service in meeting the same. It is an abstract concept, which takes into account different factors like product quality, service quality, location environment from which the product or service is purchased and the pricing structure of the same. The business organisations often conduct surveys in order to measure the level of customer satisfaction. The major areas, which are taken into account in such surveys, include the following: Product quality Product value in relation to price Time issues like availability of products, sales assistance and time of delivery Store ambience like cleanliness and shopping environment Issues of service personnel like politeness, helpfulness and attentiveness Convenience comprising of parking, location and operating hours It has been observed that the global firms incur millions of dollars each year to develop new products, create effective brands and promote new products. However, these activities are of no significance, if the customers are not purchasing the marketed products or services. Thus, obtaining the customers in the door to purchase is a crucial challenge and concentration of each marketing department across Malaysia. However, the activities related to satisfaction and loyalty change into gear once the customers purchase the products once. This is because finding a customer to try the products of an organisation is a big challenge. However, making the customer to conduct repeat purchases is a more complicated task (Liat, Mansori Huei, 2014). This is the main linkage between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. The main aim of customer satisfaction is to assure that the needs of the customers are achieved with effective management of their problems through improved experience after using the products and services of the organisation. Customer loyalty is making a customer to engage in repeat purchases and thus, these two activities go hand-in-hand. Thus, assuring customers are pleased and satisfied with experience is the foundation for the pharmacy industry of Malaysia to come back and spend more money in purchasing the business products and services. Perceived service quality: Perceived quality is a perception of the customers, which differs from various related concepts. The objective or actual reality is the degree to which the product or service provides greater service. The product-based quality denotes the quantity and nature of ingredients, services and features included. The manufacturing quality refers to conformance to specifications. It could be ascertained objectively, as it is a perception and judgement regarding the importance of involved customers (Shi, Prentice He, 2014). Thus, perceived service quality is described as the output of comparison between the expectations of the customers regarding the services and their perceptions regarding the way of performing the service. The delivery of superior or excellent service in relation to the customer expectations as well as the interpretation of the customers regarding their experience could be viewed as a multidimensional construct. Thus, service quality acts as a vital ingredient for forming and maintaining profitable and loyal customer base. Thus, it cats as the driving force for profitability and productivity of the organisations. Accomplishing the right quality could be made through customer education, individual perceptions and preferences. Thus, the data of service quality is extremely useful to achieve improvement of service. Perceived value: As remarked by Mouakket (2015), perceived value is the worth of a service or product, which is in the minds of the customers. It has been observed that the customers often lack in knowledge about the actual cost of production for the products or services they purchase. Instead, the customers possess an internal feeling about the worth of certain products. In order to obtain higher product prices, the producers might undertake marketing strategies for delivering greater perceived values for their products (Oliver, 2014). It has been observed that the perceived quality of the customers and brand loyalty have been the most significant success factors in relation to business competition for different types of organisations. Thus, investigating the perceived value issue is significant. This is because perceived value is more directly associated with the consumer willingness to purchase the products in contrast to perceived service quality. Thus, the pharmacy firms of Malaysia are required to deliver constant value to their customers in order to retain the. Past research: Trust: Nguyen, N., Leclerc, A., LeBlanc, G. (2013). The mediating role of customer trust on customer loyalty.Journal of service science and management,6(1), 96. This research aims to reveal different associations among consumer trust, identity and loyalty. Such outcomes result in questioning the conceptual structure nature, which would comprise these constructs and interrelationships in a structural model. Based on this perspective, the aim of this study is to dissect the role of customer trust on customer loyalty in the context of financial institutions. The researchers have accumulated data from the members of the credit unions. Based on the results obtained, it has been evaluated that customer trust acts a mediating variable, which increases the influence of corporate image, identity and form goodwill on customer loyalty. The research implications have been explained from the perspectives of both managers and research. Lee, D., Moon, J., Kim, Y. J., Mun, Y. Y. (2015). Antecedents and consequences of mobile phone usability: Linking simplicity and interactivity to satisfaction, trust, and brand loyalty.Information Management,52(3), 295-304. This research intends to associate the interactivity and simplicity with customer trust, satisfaction, customer trust and brand loyalty in mobile phone usability. The researchers have provided a holistic view of the causal associations between the features of user interface and significant firm variables for developing and maintaining long-term associations. The research has been carried out with the help of research questionnaire data obtained from 310 mobile phone users residing in South Korea. The outcomes obtained suggest that interactivity and simplicity are two important determinants and simplicity of interface is a necessary precondition for positive interactivity and usability experience. In addition, it has been found that usability is a determinant of brand loyalty, which has influence indirectly through the mediators of trust and satisfaction. Satisfaction: Awan, A.G., Rehman, A. (2014). Impact of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty: an empirical analysis of home appliances in Pakistan. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(8), 18-32. According to the researchers, customer satisfaction and brand loyalty are considered as the major goals of marketing for many organisations. This is because loyalty is considered as a multidimensional phenomenon on the part of marketing professionals. The current research is intended to examine the influence of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty for the durable goods. The researchers have used primary data in this study, which has been carried out in the form of a survey by designing a structured questionnaire. For carrying out the survey, the researchers have obtained responses from 300 middle class customers. The findings reveal that customer satisfaction is an important influential dynamic that influence brand loyalty. Tu, Y.T., Wang, C.M. Chang, H.C. (2012). Corporate brand image and customer satisfaction on loyalty: An empirical study of Starbucks coffee in Taiwan.Journal of Social and Development Sciences,3(1), 24-32. According to the researchers, corporate image is evaluated as a significant antecedent of customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. The brand image is crucial because positive brand image enables the organisations to accomplish better performance in terms of sales. By developing a loyal customer base, the organisations could accomplish greater market share and minimise the overall cost of operations. This is because an improvement of 5% in terms of customer retention would lead to a rise of 25% to 75% in terms of profit. The current research aims to evaluate the impact of corporate brand image and customer satisfaction on brand loyalty of Starbucks Coffee in Taiwan. The researchers have conducted survey and responses have been obtained from 199 customers of the organisation. Descriptive statistics, validity, reliability and SEM model have been employed to arrive at the outcome of the study. The results obtained suggest that customer satisfaction has strong influence on brand loyalty o f Starbucks in Taiwan. Perceived service quality: Khan, M. M., Fasih, M. (2014). Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: Evidence from banking sector.Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences,8(2), 331-354. The objective of this research is to ascertain the satisfaction level of the banking consumers about the quality of various services and loyalty with the banks. The perceived service quality has been evaluated with the help of various dimensions. Thus, the researchers have attempted to determine whether the dimensions of service quality might increase the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The respondents are selected from a variety of demographic characteristics with the help of stratified random sampling. The researchers have obtained responses form 270 customers of both public and private banks and the response have been interpreted with the help of descriptive statistics, correlation and regression. The findings signify that service quality and its related dimensions have positive association with consumer loyalty and satisfaction. Blut, M., Beatty, S. E., Evanschitzky, H., Brock, C. (2014). The impact of service characteristics on the switching costscustomer loyalty link.Journal of Retailing,90(2), 275-290. This research examines the association between switching costs and service characteristics. In order to have a better understanding of the effectiveness of switching costs, the research suggests a two-dimensional typology related to switching costs, which comprise of both internal and external switching costs. In addition, the impact of switching costs on consumer loyalty is contingent on the features of four services. The researchers have conducted a review related to meta-analytics of literature on the costs of switching and they have developed a linear model that is hierarchical with a sample of 1,694 customers. From the results obtained, it has been found that service quality has direct impact on the brand loyalty. Perceived value: Eid, R. (2015). Integrating Muslim customer perceived value, satisfaction, loyalty and retention in the tourism industry: An empirical study.International Journal of Tourism Research,17(3), 249-260. According to the researcher, the customer value has become the favourable theme for various tourism reports in current years. The current research aims to examine the effects of the perceived value of Muslim customers on satisfaction, loyalty and retention. The researcher has obtained responses from 221 Muslim tourists for framing 13 hypotheses. In addition, exploratory research design has been used to arrive at the actual outcome of the research. The findings imply that the traditional value dimension would help in satisfying the Muslim customers at the time of purchasing a tourism package. Yeh, C. H., Wang, Y. S., Yieh, K. (2016). Predicting smartphone brand loyalty: Consumer value and consumer-brand identification perspectives.International Journal of Information Management,36(3), 245-257. With the development and competition of smart phone industry, this research aims to get a better insight of the factors driving customer loyalty. The current research emphasises on the factors influencing smart phone brand loyalty from the viewpoints of perceived value and brand identification. The researchers have accumulated data from 157 respondents and they have applied the partial least squares approach. The findings obtained suggest that social value, emotional value and brand identification have strong and positive influence on the brand loyalty. Guiding framework and theory used: Figure 1: Guiding framework of the research (Source: As created by author) The following theories have been used to fit the purpose of this research: Theory of planned behaviour: In the words of Tukej, Golob Podnar (2013), theory of planned behaviour is a theory, which associates behaviour and beliefs. According to the theory, the subjective norms behavioural attitude and control of perceived behaviour frame the behavioural intentions and behaviours of an individual. This theory takes into account the following key variables: Normative belief is the perception of an individual related to social normative pressures or pertinent other beliefs to perform or refrain from performing such behaviour Subjective norm is the perception of an individual regarding the specific behaviour, which is affected by review of other individuals. Control belief is the belief of an individual about the presence of factors, which might progress or restrict the behavioural performance. Perceived behavioural control is the ease or complexity to conduct specific behaviour. Behavioural intention is the depiction of the readiness of an individual in performing a provided behaviour (Yoo Bai, 2013). Behaviour is the observable response of an individual in a provided situation relative o a provided target. The theory of planned behaviour takes into account the non-volitional behaviour of the individuals, which the theory of reasoned action fails to explain. The behavioural intention of an individual could not be the sole factor of behaviour, in which the control over behaviour of an individual is not complete. Thus, by incorporating perceived control of behaviour, this theory helps in describing the association between actual behaviour and behavioural intention. With the help of this theory, the predictability of intention in various fields could be improved like exercise, diet and leisure. Figure 2: Theory of planned behaviour (Source: Awan Rehman, 2014) Theory of reasoned action: According to Zhang et al., (2013), the theory of reasoned action aims to depict the association between attitudes and behaviours related to human actions. In addition, it is used to estimate the behaviours of the individuals related to their behavioural intentions and pre-existing attitudes. This theory is based on two factors, which include subjective norms and attitudes to ascertain intention. The former is the social pressure that an individual experiences to perform or abstain from performing a specific behaviour. The latter, on the other hand, is the opinion of an individual to determine the positivity and negativity of behaviour. With the help of this theory, the behaviour of the customers could be evaluated in terms of coupon usage and brand loyalty. Figure 3: Theory of reasoned action (Source: Zhang et al., 2014) Hypotheses development: Based on the variables chosen and the theories discussed, the following hypotheses have been developed to arrive at the desired outcome of the research: H1: There is a positive relationship between satisfaction and loyalty H2: There is a positive relationship between trust and loyalty H3: There is a positive relationship between perceived service quality and H4: There is a positive relationship between perceived value and loyalty Chapter summary: From the above discussion, it has been found that the major determinants affecting the brand loyalty of the Malaysian pharmacy industry include trust, satisfaction, perceived service quality and perceived customer value. Trust could be considered as belief and confidence that the customers have with the organisations by taking into account the aspects to be delivered. In other words, trust is an association that links the customers with an organisation. In addition, it is associated between the staffs of an organisation. Customer satisfaction is a marketing concept, as it gauges the way the products or services of an organisation surpass the expectations of the customers. In the current era, customer satisfaction is considered as a significant aspect for any business, as it provides the marketers and owners with a metric for managing and improving the same. Perceived quality is a perception of the customers, which differs from various related concepts. The objective or actual reality is the degree to which the product or service provides greater service. Perceived value is the worth of a service or product, which is in the minds of the customers. All the above-mentioned factors seem to have strong and positive influence on the brand loyalty of the Malaysian pharmacy industry. Based on the discussion of these variables, the researcher has applied two theories, which include the theory of planned behaviour and theory of reasoned action. Accordingly, the researcher has framed four different hypotheses to arrive at the desired outcome of the research. References: Ariff, M. S. M., Yun, L. O., Zakuan, N., Ismail, K. (2013). The impacts of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in internet banking.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,81, 469-473. Athavale, A. S., Banahan, III, B. F., Bentley, J. P., West-Strum, D. S. (2015). Antecedents and consequences of pharmacy loyalty behavior.International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing,9(1), 36-55. Awan, A.G., Rehman, A. (2014). Impact of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty: an empirical analysis of home appliances in Pakistan. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(8), 18-32. Blut, M., Beatty, S. E., Evanschitzky, H., Brock, C. (2014). The impact of service characteristics on the switching costscustomer loyalty link.Journal of Retailing,90(2), 275-290. Cantallops, A. S., Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 41-51. Cetin, G., Dincer, F. I. (2014). Influence of customer experience on loyalty and word-of-mouth in hospitality operations.Anatolia,25(2), 181-194. Chen, S. C. (2015). Customer value and customer loyalty: Is competition a missing link?.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 107-116. Chou, P. F., Lu, C. S., Chang, Y. H. (2014). Effects of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in high-speed rail services in Taiwan.Transportmetrica A: Transport Science,10(10), 917-945. Eid, R. (2015). Integrating Muslim customer perceived value, satisfaction, loyalty and retention in the tourism industry: An empirical study.International Journal of Tourism Research,17(3), 249-260. Fall Diallo, M., Chandon, J. L., Cliquet, G., Philippe, J. (2013). Factors influencing consumer behaviour towards store brands: evidence from the French market.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,41(6), 422-441. Gursoy, D., S. Chen, J., G. Chi, C. (2014). Theoretical examination of destination loyalty formation.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(5), 809-827. Kandampully, J., Zhang, T., Bilgihan, A. (2015). Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), 379-414. Khan, M. M., Fasih, M. (2014). Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: Evidence from banking sector.Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences,8(2), 331-354. Kim, M. J., Lee, C. K., Chung, N., Kim, W. G. (2014). Factors affecting online tourism group buying and the moderating role of loyalty.Journal of Travel Research,53(3), 380-394. Lee, D., Moon, J., Kim, Y. J., Mun, Y. Y. (2015). Antecedents and consequences of mobile phone usability: Linking simplicity and interactivity to satisfaction, trust, and brand loyalty.Information Management,52(3), 295-304. Lee, H. S. (2013). Major moderators influencing the relationships of service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Asian Social Science,9(2), 1. Lee, H. S. (2015). Factors influencing customer loyalty of mobile phone service: Empirical evidence from Koreans.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2010. Liao, Y. W., Wang, Y. S., Yeh, C. H. (2014). Exploring the relationship between intentional and behavioral loyalty in the context of e-tailing.Internet Research,24(5), 668-686. Liat, C. B., Mansori, S., Huei, C. T. (2014). The associations between service quality, corporate image, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Evidence from the Malaysian hotel industry.Journal of hospitality marketing management,23(3), 314-326. Liu, J. N., Zhang, E. Y. (2014). An investigation of factors affecting customer selection of online hotel booking channels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,39, 71-83. Mouakket, S. (2015). Factors influencing continuance intention to use social network sites: The Facebook case.Computers in Human Behavior,53, 102-110. Nguyen, N., Leclerc, A., LeBlanc, G. (2013). The mediating role of customer trust on customer loyalty.Journal of service science and management,6(1), 96. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Picn, A., Castro, I., Roldn, J. L. (2014). The relationship between satisfaction and loyalty: A mediator analysis.Journal of Business Research,67(5), 746-751. Pratminingsih, S. A., Lipuringtyas, C., Rimenta, T. (2013). Factors influencing customer loyalty toward online shopping.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,4(3), 104. Rabbanee, F. K., Burford, O., Ramaseshan, B. (2015). Does employee performance affect customer loyalty in pharmacy services?.Journal of Service Theory and Practice,25(6), 725-743. Ramaseshan, B., Rabbanee, F. K., Burford, O. (2017). Combined effects of franchise management strategies and employee service performance on customer loyalty: a multilevel perspective.Journal of Strategic Marketing, 1-19. Segoro, W. (2013). The influence of perceived service quality, mooring factor, and relationship quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,81, 306-310. Shi, Y., Prentice, C., He, W. (2014). Linking service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty in casinos, does membership matter?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,40, 81-91. Tu, Y.T., Wang, C.M. Chang, H.C. (2012). Corporate brand image and customer satisfaction on loyalty: An empirical study of Starbucks coffee in Taiwan.Journal of Social and Development Sciences,3(1), 24-32. Tukej, U., Golob, U., Podnar, K. (2013). The role of consumerbrand identification in building brand relationships.Journal of Business Research,66(1), 53-59. Yeh, C. H., Wang, Y. S., Yieh, K. (2016). Predicting smartphone brand loyalty: Consumer value and consumer-brand identification perspectives.International Journal of Information Management,36(3), 245-257. Yoo, M., Bai, B. (2013). Customer loyalty marketing research: A comparative approach between hospitality and business journals.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 166-177. Zhang, H., Fu, X., Cai, L. A., Lu, L. (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis.Tourism Management,40, 213-223. Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, F., Law, R., Li, D. (2013). Factors influencing the effectiveness of online group buying in the restaurant industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, 237-245.

Teaching ESL students to write in English

ESL students come from very different countries, from all walks of life. Some of them have been in America for a while already; others are fairly new to the country and its habits and culture. It’s important to acknowledge the fact they differ not only from â€Å"the† American but also from their classmates. Discussions in the group may run into a dead end street since not every student is used to speak his mind. Familiar topic When teaching them to write in English you might want to start with a topic they are very familiar with and that is not hard to write down. Topics like ‘what did you do this weekend?’, ‘describe the celebration of a birthday’ or ‘what did you watch on TV lately?’ are simple and don’t ask too much of the student in regard of composition. Tell your students to never ever first do their piece of writing in their own language and then ‘translate’ it into English. Emphasize they should think in English and therefore write in English. Once they get tangled up in translating from their native language into English, they are sliding down at top speed. Be positive When you give feedback it is best to keep that positive. Search for the good things in the piece to give your student some self-confidence. Then you can point out some faults but never sum up all of them. Concentrate on the major few; you can deal with the others at another time. One step at the time does the job. You want your students to come back to your next session, right? Also keep in mind your student might be in awe of you. You are the authority he has to listen to. That’s the way he was raised. This difference in culture does not have to be an obstacle. You gently point out your criticism; when you ask whether he has understood, use so-called open questions. A simple: do you see what I mean? can be answered with a ‘yes’ or a ‘no’ without you knowing whether he really understood. In many cultures is it not done to say ‘no’, especially to someone higher in hierarchy. A question like: please sum up what I just told you, will force the student into actually giving you an answer that tells you something. Keep it simple There are many more tips and tricks to teach ESL students to write a good piece, a cover letter or an essay in English. As a teacher you have to keep it simple and build from there, and you need to have a lot of patience. Your ESL students may not understand the simplest rules and may not be used to the American way of communicating. But once they have taken their first hurdles it is a rewarding experience for both you and the ESL students you teach.

The World Heritage Case Study Australia

The World Heritage Case Study Australia Introduction World Heritage sites are beautiful and wonderful places with great values attached to them due to their uncommon nature. According to the Department of Environment and Conservation: World Heritage: Shark Bay Heritage Area (2009, p. 1), world heritage sites are mysteries, and they bear great memories in those who visit them. In this paper, research will be concentrated on The Royal Exhibition Building, and Carlton Gardens found in Melbourne city in Australia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The World Heritage Case Study: Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Royal Exhibition Building was constructed between 1879 and 1880 in Melbourne (Heritage Victoria: Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens n.d.). It was constructed at this particular point of time since it was to house the international exhibition in 1880. According to Sopray: Assessment of Significance (n.d., p.148), this site is signif icant because it is one of the world’s 19th century exhibitions that remains standing. It is argued that this building shows the wealth and confidence of Victoria era in the 1870s. The Carlton Gardens are also significant since they serve as a habitat for many plants like palms, conifers, and evergreen trees. The Royal Exhibition Building and the Carlton Gardens are of great social significant to the people who interact with them, both the residents and the tourists (Sopray: Assessment of Significance n.d., p. 148). Primary Challenges Management Adiplock: REB CGWH Heritage Management Plan (2011, p. 8) stated that the Department of Environment and Heritage in Australia came up with some basic objectives of world heritage properties management in Australia. Some of the objectives that were set are to conserve and protect the world heritage value of the sites, to incorporate the protection of the site into a complete planning program and to ensure that people have knowledge con cerning world heritage value of the property. The world heritage sites in Australia face challenges in accommodating tourism. The Department of the Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property (n.d., p. 58) highlighted that the royal exhibition building deals with huge crowds of tourists who visit this site each year. However, it is not overwhelmed by these huge numbers since it has upgraded some projects in management of the numbers. The Carlton Gardens are utilized by both residents and visitors since they are attractive and also located near the central business district of Melbourne. Each year, these sites are repaired after they have been used, and this maintains them in good conditions. On the other hand, the Australia Department of Environment and Heritage: Australia’s world heritage places (2010, p.2) argued that some caves are not accessible since they are restricted to tourists who may be eager to visit such places. However, to manage this challenge the management has provided light to other unrestricted areas in the same caves to ensure that there is save public viewing. This is one way which has been used to manage and protect the value that is attached to the caves. The walk tracks and picnic areas have also been improved in order to cope with the big number of tourists flowing in.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is development pressure affecting the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens sites. These sites cannot be sold or transferred to anyone without an Act of the Victorian state parliament. The environment protection authority in Melbourne supervises the quality of air in the city. Therefore, the issue of pollution is not a challenge in this city at all and there is no environmental pressure that can destroy the building and the gardens. This gives it a credit before the eyes of the tourists who frequently visit these attractive sites (Department of the Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property n.d., p. 58). According to the Department of Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property (n.d., p. 58), Melbourne is not a high-risk zone for volcanic disturbances; however, it has ever recorded some small earthquakes. The only risk to this building is fire since its large part is constructed using timber, which can catch fire easily. This risk is foreseen and therefore, a full sprinkler system has been installed, and fire alarms have been directly connected to the fire brigade in Melbourne. The fire brigade is located less than 500 meters from this site, and this becomes an advantage for The Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens. There are guards, a caretaker, and other staff that work and reside within this property. It is therefore maintained, and guarded for its value to be maintained throughout (Department of Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property n.d., p. 58). According to the Australia Department of Environment and Heritage: Australia’s world heritage places (2010, p.2), the scientists who do research by collecting residue for investigation through digging are likely to destroy the world heritage sites. It is argued that there is a need for a balance to be observed to ensure that research is not done at the expense of the environment. The research methods should observe respect to world heritage values, local communities and traditional owners. However, research is important and it should be conducted in relevant areas to pave the way for improvement in the management of the world heritage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The World Heritage Case Study: Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The royal exhibition building also experiences the challenge related to conservation and maintenance. According to Australian Governmen t Department of the Environment, water, Heritage and the Arts: Challenges and management (2010, p. 1), this challenge is managed through the conservation management plan that involve risk preparedness. Carton Gardens are also managed through an environmentally sustainable way of watering and taking care of the tree which are over 110 years old. Funds have been obtained, which will be used to install water harvesting and storage systems underground. The management wishes to end this challenge through storing 900,000 litres which can ensure that Carlton Gardens is watered throughout. The Royal Exhibition Building and the Carlton Garden challenges are managed through the management plan that ensures that actions that are of unsustainable impact on the Royal Exhibition Building, and the Carlton Garden cannot be approved. This helps in conservation and management of the building. Department of Planning and Community Development, the royal exhibition and Carlton gardens: world heritage ma nagement plan (2011, p. 5) highlights that management plan minimizes duplication in the general assessment and approval of actions that may impact on the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens. The management plan has also ensured that the Australian government, and the Victoria state ensures that the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens are protected and conserved in order to maintain its attractiveness and value. Tourism Pressures The Royal Exhibition Building and the Carlton Garden realize a high number of visitors and tourists throughout the year. There are fixed displays and guided tours through the employed staff. They usually take tourists through a slide show tour detailed on the construction of this property. This encourages the tourist to frequently visit since the place is conducive and through this interpretation, they are able to grasp a lot in terms of history of The Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens(Department of Environment and Heritage: F actors affecting the property n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The staff members who are employed here are well trained to handle and address the needs of all the visitors, including those with special needs. This ensures that the tourists in this place feel accommodated when they receive the assistance they may be in need of in this strange place. This building also has a theatre section with audiovisual shows that are also used as a tour guide, they give more information that those who attend to visitors might not touch on. It is stated that over 300,000 tourists visit the Royal Exhibition Building with an aim of having commercial events every year. This shows that the number that visits this site per year is high hence the need to maintain it as a way of preserving nature and culture of the indigenous people in this place (Department of Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property n.d.). Due to the large numbers of people that Royal Exhibition Building receives, it has to provided accommodation, entertainment, restaurants, and sh ops. All these are geared to ensuring that the visitors are comfortable while visiting this site and also as a way of adding more value to The Royal Exhibition and Carlton Garden. These shops contain some of the products that are related to the Royal Exhibition Building; this makes them even more attractive to the tourists who visit this site for their first time. Security is ensured in this site and alarm are set 24 hours and also the securical companies patrol the whole building throughout to ensure protection to the site and the tourist inside this place (Department of Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property n.d.). Protection of the World Heritage Values The museum board is responsible for maintaining the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens sites. Commercial income stream funds the daily maintenance of the Royal Exhibition Building. Building, facilities, and venue management groups are involved in working within these sites and ensuring that everything is in order and ready for any tourists who may wish to visit at any time. The protection systems, especially against fire are maintained to ensure that any eventuality can be dealt with accordingly without interfering with the flow of the tourists visiting this site. UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Enhancing our Heritage Toolkit (2011, p 9) argued that it has become a priority for states to improve the effectiveness of protected areas through management and the best way to do so is through examining the management strategies and evaluate their effectiveness. This will give the states an opportunity to know what they need to change and come-up with lasting solutions that will curb such problems in the future. There is also need for the management of the world heritage sites to observe the balance that should exist between commercial and conservation values. Since these sites are important, Sheehan (n.d., p.7) highlights that there should be balance because if such sites are not protect ed they will be no more in the future. It is therefore, crucial that conservation values will not be assumed and in addition, commercial values should not be valued more than conservation. The operation manager, venue manager, office manager and casual staff are among the people who ensure smooth running of the sites. The Department of Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property (n.d., p. 25) stated that planning and management of the Carlton Gardens is done by the planning unit and the business support unit from Melbourne city. These exhibitions have brought balance between the world heritage values and tourist needs. Adiplock: REB CGWH Heritage Management Plan (2011, p. 8) stated that: â€Å"The exhibitions themselves brought people and ideas together on a grand scale, in diverse locations around the world, and greatly enhanced international social and economic links† (Adiplock: REB CGWH Heritage Management Plan 2011, p. 8). World Heritage Committee The World Heritage Committee comprises of 21 representatives from the state parties and they hold their meetings yearly. According to the World Heritage Committee: The World Heritage Committee (2011, p. 1), the world heritage committee decides how the finances are to be used in different areas of the properties. Through managing the finances, it is able to ensure that there are better standards in the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens. The world heritage committee also investigates the reports of conservation of each site and if poorly managed it requests the concerned state to take care and manage it properly. The committee also expects the state parties to report to them if any danger is about to happen or happens. The committee, therefore, takes the initiative to look for a way forward for such sites. According to World Heritage Committee: The World Heritage Committee (2011, p. 1), through the world heritage committee, the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens have ret ained their value and authenticity despite many such sites being no more. Through proper management, they have remained some of the tourists’ attractions in Australia, with their value of retaining culture and tradition being one of the reasons why many visitors visit these sites. References Adiplock: REB CGWH Heritage Management Plan 2011, Melbourne, Australia. Australia Department of Environment and Heritage: Australia’s world heritage places 2010, environment.gov.au/heritage/education/pubs/factsheets/fossil-sites.pdf. Australian Government Department of the Environment, water, Heritage and the Arts: Challenges and management 2010, environment.gov.au/heritage/education/pubs/factsheets/royal-ex-building-and-carlton-gardens.pdf Department of Environment and Conservation: World Heritage: Shark Bay Heritage Area 2009, sharkbay.org/what_is_world_heritage.aspx. Department of Planning and Community Development, the royal exhibition and Carlton gardens: world heritage manag ement plan 2011, yarracity.vic.gov.au/PlanningBuilding/Heritage/Royal-Exhibition-BuildingCarlton-Gardens/ Department of the Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property n.d., Melbourne, Australia. Heritage Victoria: Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens n.d., Melbourne, Australia. Sheehan, John n.d., The conservation of national heritage building: the Australian experience, dpcd.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/56995/WHEA_Views_Vistas_Analysis.pdf. Sopray: Assessment of Significance n.d., Melbourne, Australia. UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Enhancing our Heritage Toolkit 2012, http://whc.unesco.org/documents/publi_wh_papers_23_en.pdf. World Heritage Committee: The World Heritage Committee 2012, http://whc.unesco.org/en/comittee/.

Real Estate & Property - Valuation and Investment Appraisal Assignment

Real Estate & Property - Valuation and Investment Appraisal - Assignment Example The opinions stated in the valuation are contingent on the assumptions and limitations stated in Section 5 which also forms an integral part of this report. i. An attached brick building includes a single shop unit consisting of an open plan sales area which includes a retail area which extends to the rear. There is also a large basement. The front of the shop is fully glazed and has a number of display areas for terms of inventory. i. Barking Road is located in a very popular and busy shopping and entertainment area. It has a number of restaurants and numerous other shops along the same road and other roads and avenues which are in close proximity. It is also close to the tourist areas. The building is in good condition. Additionally, Barking Road and the streets adjacent to it are clean and well kept. iii. Several hotels and entertainment venues are located in close proximity to Barking Road and so it is accessible to tourists and locals who use their services. More than a few tourists are therefore expected to patronise the business at the location (Rightmove 2012). iv. The Booby Moore Stand of the West Ham United Football Club is located in close proximity – just around the corner from Barking Road. This makes the location ideal for the current tenant and explains the reason for the longevity of the business. There is also some amount of goodwill attached to the business and the location. Goodwill is the excess of the market price over the combined value of the separate assets. It results from the reputation that the business has gained over the years and its quality customer service that keeps customers coming back. It is this reputation that also attracts new customers. viii. The property is in close proximity to the Upton park tube station which approximately 0.4 miles. Two other stations – East Ham and Plaistow are also within a mile of the property (0.8 and 1.0 miles respectively) (Rightmove PLC 2012). x. The

Adolescence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Adolescence - Essay Example dards in the very process, adolescents show higher-order reasoning about the self and its qualities, with peer relations taking precedence away from familial relations in terms of assessing personal competence. They, more often than children use social comparative mechanics while evaluating themselves Several areas of the brain undergo transformative realignment during the transition to adolescence. Among the notable structural changes in the brain during this period include a decrease in gray matter in the prefrontal regions of the brain. These anatomical changes referred to in the medical field as synaptic pruning, kicks off the elimination of unused connections between neurons; a process believably underpins the improvements in basic cognitive abilities and logical reasoning. Another important change in the brain during adolescence is the increased dopaminergic activity in pathways that connect the limbic system. Basically, the dopamine receptors become densely distributed within the prefrontal cortex; regions where emotions are processed and rewards and punishments experienced. Dopamine plays a critical role in the judgment of experiences, thus the explanation for sensation-seeking through experimentation. Finally, there is the increase of white matter in the very same prefrontal cortex of the brain during adolescence via a process known as myelination; the process through which nerve fibers become sheathed in myelin for more efficient neural connectivity within the region. This is an important adjustment for higher-order cognitive functions such as weighing of risks, advanced planning among other complicated decisions. To begin with, children basically interact/play with friends within the vicinity of their environment and/those chosen to them by those around them, mostly their parents. To be specific, such friends are usually close relatives or those from the neighbouring families. Such fiends are generally playmates, with no strings for long-term

The relationship between verbal and non-verbal behaviour

The relationship between verbal and non-verbal behaviour The most promising research methodology for studying the relationship between nonverbal and verbal behaviour Three decades ago there was practically no scientific work done on nonverbal behaviour, except some rare cases of research. However, nowadays research on the relation between nonverbal and verbal behaviour seems to be widespread across different disciplines such as clinical, social or linguistic psychology. This is mirrored by the fact that fundamental studies and achievements have been attained within this field of research. The incredible fast speed of books being published and journal articles being written about body language and actual language reflects both the high amount of interest of the general public and scientists into this area and the great engagement and devotion of researchers involved (Rimà ©, 1985). The present brief paper will focus on presenting research methodologies which have proved to be most promising for the investigation of non-linguistic and linguistic speech. One particular research methodology cannot be pointed out as currently there are different vali d and reliable ways of investigating into this matter. Before outlining possible methodologies for investigating the speech, body language relationship it is useful to consider the study field’s research history. It was Charles Darwin (1872) who pioneered hundred years ago in writing about unconsciously processed non-linguistic communication and in outlining the particular emotional nonverbal expressions and reactions of the human and animal body. Surprisingly, Darwin was back then certain about the now acknowledged fact that emotional body responses stem from the nervous system’s activity and are operating inside the unconscious awareness of mammals. He also observed that emotional expressions evolved due to the aim of species to survive through increasing group collectivism and guarding the offspring from enemies. Additionally, he promoted that a wide number of the nonverbal expressions of emotions were innate and not learned. This theory found supported by observations of children born blind who socially interact through clapping, smiling and laughing in spite of the fact they cannot perceive the reactions of others. The observation of animals, however demonstrated that there are di fferent kinds of nonverbal expressions which accompany language with some being semantic content while others target at evoking appropriate nonverbal and verbal responses in others (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1980). The friendly smile of humans has, for instance, been found to be a potential control mechanism against aggressive behaviours in others by being a potential invitation for direct social interaction. Face-to-face eye contact, on the other hand, often results in aggressive behaviour since it is perceived as a threat. One can already realise that with the help of the above mentioned findings the relationship between body language and actual language can be scientifically analysed simply by observing species interact (Pally, 2001). The actual scientific interest into this topic, however, commenced with the beginning of the 20th century, and with having a heavy focus on facial expressions. Anthropologists came to the conclusion that nonverbal communication does not appear by chance but is both learned like a language and while language is learned. Sapir (1949) for instance noted that one reacts to others’ body language â€Å"in accordance with an elaborate code that is written nowhere, known by none, and understood by all† (p. 533). Nonetheless, did not make any systematic or scientific efforts in order to enlighten the relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic â€Å"speech† any further. Ekman (1975), Scheflen (1964, 1972, 1973), Hall (1966), were among those scientists who began with scientific research into body language. As a matter of fact, their effort was not valued by many but received with utter criticism and mockery. Since then, however, some accepted methodologies have bee n devised in order to investigate the relationship between speech and nonverbal communication and Davis (1971), for example, wrote that, in fact, psychiatry, ethology, psychology, anthropology and sociology are the five disciplines dealing nowadays with non-linguistic communication. She noted as well that those interested in the study of body motion (kinesics) usually prefer the so-called systems approach over others as â€Å"communication cannot be studied a unit at a time† but it â€Å"is an integrated system† that â€Å"must be analysed as a whole†. Therefore, one can conclude again that the way of observing humans or animals in naturalistic or experimental settings is an effective approach to decide over the relationship between spoken language and body language (Sielski, 1979). Cheney and Seyfarth’s (1990) naturalistic experiments can serve as support for this notion as they successfully investigated monkeys in their natural habitat and demonstrated that a monkey’s specific alarming vocal call triggers the fleeing of peers and thus implies that the behavioural reaction is related to the situational and not semantic context of the alarm signal. Dixon and colleagues’ (1989) observations on humans, can serve as another support for the fact that through simply observing and analysing how individuals act and react verbally and nonverbally one can come to scientifically sound conclusions. They found that body movements signalling discomfort and distress are often aimed at provoking comfort eliciting behaviours in others (Pally, 2001). Another stem of research concentrates on the relation between neuronal brain activity and nonverbal-verbal communication. It has been found, with the help of neuroscience, for example that both the tendency of mother’s and their children to maintain stability (homeostasis) and a majority of their social interaction develops through nonverbal communication. Limbic components of the brain mediate the initiation and influence of nonverbal cues while manipulating, the autonomous nervous system, neurotransmitters, and hormone levels. As a consequence since the delivery of a child, the mother nonverbally interacts with her offspring through all senses and sensory systems (tactile, olfactory, visual, motor, and auditory systems). Language becomes inextricably linked to nonverbal cues as is developed and integrated within the manifested nonverbal communication rituals, rules and habits of mother-infant interaction. Later on, the body language becomes, in fact, more sophisticated and develops parallel to actual language (Sigman Ruskin, 1999). In addition to that, the neurological based methodology successfully demonstrated with the help of patients suffering from brain lesions that the right hemisphere is designed for nonverbal communication whereas speech and verbal communication can be attributed to the left brain hemisphere. Henry (1993), for example, revealed that individuals suffering from impaired right brain hemispheres could not anymore decode nonverbal cues while patients suffering from strokes in the left hemisphere could not anymore articulate themselves verbally. Ekman (1990, 1993, 1997) is another well-known researcher who utilised the so-called Facial Action Coding System (FACS) in order to record and analyse facial expressions and movements through the objective and unobtrusive. The FACS was only recently (Ekman, 1994; Ekman et al., 2002) updated and can be described as the successor of the objective but intrusive electromyography technique which was used by Izard (1979, 1982). There are other widely accept ed facial expression recording devices such as Katsikitis Pilowsky’s (1988) FACEM, which monitors facial expressions with the help of twelve different distances between key points on the face. The most advance laboratory based work on nonverbal expressions was, however, conducted by Reisenzein (2000) who successfully minimised preceding technical limitations and problems and investigated the consistency of 4 elements of surprise such as participants’ facial expression, self-report of surprise, cognitive appraisal of the stimulus as unexpected, and reaction time to surprise (Russell et al., 2003). Hence, studies on nonverbal communication are nowadays managed by using more and more sophisticated investigation techniques. As a matter of fact, advancement in discovering scientifically grounded relationships between one’s speech and body language are strongly correlated to the status of progress and perfection of the methods utilised for assessing, analysing and recording behaviours of interest. Consequently, usage of coders, observers, decoders and raters, are inevitable components in the study of nonverbal behaviours (Fichten et al, 1992). Therefore, there is great emphasis on making sure that the appropriate research methodology is applied and researchers are nowadays required to be technical experts in filming, videotaping and audio-taping of participants. Most researchers within this field agree that in order to successfully investigate the interactive nonverbal and verbal communication one must either use naturalistic or ethological approaches. As a consequence and as a downside, the researcher is often doomed to watch or listen carefully for an incredible amount of hours recorded material again and again before an objective conclusion can be made about the relationship between language and body language. Many compare this tiresome approach to sculpturing as one cannot present the whole block of recorded material in the end but must mould and compress the analysed info rmation into a half an hour presentation or a brief journal article (Rimà ©, 1985). In sum, influential researchers like Rimà © (1985) believe that body language is neither depending on nor complementing verbal utterance but both represent an entity which utilise analogue, parallel and multiple channels in the process of expression. Hence, film material consisting of conversations between two or more individuals are preferably used for studies as it is one of the only ways of analysing the relationship between nonverbal and verbal behaviour together and in relation to each other. REFERENCES Cheney, D. Seyfarth, R. (1990). How monkeys see the world. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Darwin, C., 1872. Origin of Species, Sixth Edition. London: Senate. Davis, F. (1973). Inside Intuition: What we know about nonverbal communication. New York: McGraw-Hill. Dixon A. H., Fisch, H. V., Huber C. Wasler, A. (1989), Ethologic studies in animals and man: their use in psychiatry. Pharmacopsychiatry, 22:44–50. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1980), Strategies of social interaction. In: Emotion: Theory, Research and Experience, ed. R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman. New York: Academic Press. Ekman, P. (1975). Face muscles talk every language. Psychology Today, pp.35-39. Ekman, P. (1990), Voluntary facial action generates emotion specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology, 27:363–383. Ekman, P. (1993), Facial expression and emotion. Amer. Psychol., 48:384–392. Ekman P. (1994). Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: a reply to Russell’s mistaken critique. Psychol. Bull, pp.115:268–87 Ekman P. (1997). Should we call it expression or communication? Innovation, 10, pp.333–44 Ekman P, Friesen WV, Hager JC (2002). New Version of the Facial Action Coding System. http://dataface.nirc.com/Expression/FACS/ New Version/new version.html Fichten, C. S., Tagalakis, V., Judd, Darlene; Wright, J., Amsel, R. (1992). Verbal and nonverbal communication cues in daily conversations and dating. Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 132 Issue 6, pp/751-770. Hall, E. T. (1966). The hidden dimension. New York: Doubleday. Henry, J. P. (1993), Psychological and physiological responses to stress: The right hemisphere and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, an inquiry into problems of human bonding. Physiolog. Behav. Sci., 28, pp.369–387. Izard, C. E. (1982). Measuring emotions in infants and children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Izard C. E. (1979). The Maximally DiscriminativeFacialMovement Coding System (MAX). Newark: Univ. Delaware, Comp. and Netw. Serv., Univ. Media Serv. Katsikitis M. Pilowsky I. (1988). A study of facial expression in Parkinson’s disease using a novel microcomputer-based method. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 51, pp.362–66 Reisenzein R. (2000). Exploring the strength of association between the components of emotion syndromes: the case of surprise. Cogn. Emot. 14:1–38 Rimà ©, B. (1985). The growing field of nonverbal behaviour: a review of twelve books on nonverbal behaviour and nonverbal communication. European Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 15 Issue 2, pp.231-248. Russell, J. A., Bachorowski, J. Fernandez-Dols, J. (2003). Facial and vocal expressions of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 54 Issue 1, pp329-350. Sapir, E. (1949). Selected writing of Edward Sapir. Berkeley: D.G. Mandelbaum. Scheflen, A. E. (1964). The significance of posture in communication systems. Psychiatry, pp.316-331. Scheflen, A. E. (1972). Body language and social order. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Scheflen, A .E. (1973). How behaviour means. New York: Gordon Breach. Sielski, L. M. (1979). Understanding Body Language. Personnel Guidance Journal, Vol. 57 Issue 5, p238-243. Sigman, M. Ruskin, E. (1999). Nonverbal communication, play, and language skills. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 64 Issue 1, pp29-54.

Feminism in Pokemon

A Pokà ©mon or â€Å"pocket monster† is a popular anime that is based on the story of a young â€Å"Pokà ©mon Trainer† â€Å"Ash† in his journey to become a â€Å"Pokà ©mon master†. This means capturing and training Pokà ©mon to create an elite team of the strongest so that you can say you are master of all Pokà ©mon hence a Pokà ©mon master, this also consists of capturing every type of Pokà ©mon and completing your poke-dex (a electronic encyclopaedia on Pokà ©mon that automatically records the amount of different Pokà ©mon seen and caught).Whilst it may seem very friendly and childish the story is open to interpretation and could be viewed from a feminist standpoint to be actually misogynistic. The first female character introduced in the series is Ash’s mom, she is introduced as the stereotypical mother however if we look closer at her we can see how see is trapped in a life of servitude and loneliness. That is why she is so attached to her son. There is a clear absence of Ash’s father that is often left unanswered; this could be interpreted to mean that the mother figure in a boy’s life is far more important than that of the father.The reason that Ash father is not present throughout the series is left deliberately vague however there is a reference to him becoming a Pokà ©mon trainer and starting his own journey. With this information I would say that it isn’t that much of a leap to say that perhaps he abandoned Mrs Ketchum (Delia Ketchum). The fact that it is â€Å"Mrs† shows that she married Mr Ketchum who had abandoned her; she also took his name. She runs the only Pokà ©mon restaurant in Palet town and has to take care of her child Ash and in return she again is deserted by him as he leaves on his adventure.This however doesn’t seem to be an abnormality and shows that it is common for women in Pokà ©mon to be imprisoned by their â€Å"duties† and not free to follo w their dreams of becoming a Pokà ©mon trainer like the males, instead they become housewives however there is a sense of equality as women are given the liberty to start the adventure, if they are not burdened by their duties. However despite all her misery she is still expected for her only desires to be to help Ash and to serve him as it is her â€Å"duty†.The next female character we are introduced to is Misty, she is portrayed as a â€Å"tom-boy†, with romantic affections towards Ash, she desires to help Ash and serve him, although her ego would never admit it. Once she develops a character with greater dimensions she is forcibly removed from the story line by fading her into the background completely dissolving and any love interests between her and Ash showing that their relationship was meaningless and that she could simply be tossed aside. She is then replaced by another female companion for Ash, another â€Å"play-mate†.She is forced to stay with her sisters and stay in the gym. Again like Delia Ketchum she is forced to abandon her dreams due to her duties and is deserted by the man she loves. Another important female character is Jessy she is described as manipulative and is working in the evil cooperation of team rocket attempting to steal rare Pokà ©mon. James is her weaker male partner and Jessy is far more dominant. He is constantly forced to dress up in a disguise along with Jessy however Jessy disguises herself as the dominant male whilst James the female showing the symbolic difference in power between the two characters.This may be interpreted to be a positive sign as a woman may rise to the power of a man and a man sink to a woman but the very fact that this idea is conveyed shows a sexist ideology and is anti-feminist as it shows inequality within the sexes. In other words the idea that because Jessy is stronger she should be male and James is weaker and should be female is conveyed by their cross dressing. Woman in Pokà ©mon dress in skimpy clothing, including Misty who is supposed to be pre-teen. This could be interpreted to the liberation of women, as they are allowed to wear what they want when they want.However another interpretation is that they are viewed as mere sexual objects that are open to sexual flirtation, this is why Brock, who is a notorious womaniser, is constantly shown flirting with female characters throughout the show and is entitled to make passes on them. However this is quickly ended by Misty who would grab Brock by the ear and throws him to the ground. This may seem like a humorous practice however this could be interpreted into Brock showing sexual aggression and him seeing women as a mere outlet for his sexual desires.That is why Misty must quickly throw him to the ground to prevent him from enacting his dark desires. When Misty fades away another female companion comes along to prevent Brock, in other words they are a â€Å"Brock block†, but none are as aggre ssive as Misty. He often flirts with Nurse Joy, the fact that she is identical to all the other Nurse Joys shows that women in the poke-world that pursue a medical carer can be simply casted as the stereotypical â€Å"Nurse Joy†. A one dimensional character that is ruled by her emotions to help heal Pokà ©mon.Notice how it is â€Å"Nurse Joy† not â€Å"Doctor Joy† implying that she can only ever rise to a rank of a â€Å"Nurse† an assistant to a â€Å"Doctor†. He also flirts with Officer Jenny; she also is identical to all the other officer Jennys this shows that women in the poke-world that pursue a career in policing can be simply casted as the stereotypical â€Å"Officer Jenny† or â€Å"Nurse Joy. A one dimensional character that is ruled by her emotions to help prevent crimes. Although it is a relief that women can pursue a career in policing and medicine they are still thrown into the stereotype of the typical â€Å"Officer Jennyâ₠¬ .Also they are presented as loud and presumptive, believing that the Ash is often the culprit but within minutes apologising for her presumptive nature showing her ignorance and naà ¯ve nature. An interesting new aspect of Pokà ©mon is Competitions, Pokà ©mon Contests were first introduced early on and Contests originated in the Hoenn region. In them, Coordinators show how beautiful and skilful they and their Pokà ©mon can be. Showing that the very focus is on the trainers and Pokà ©mon’s appearance, this shows how judgemental and cruel the Pokà ©mon world really is.I would argue that it is similar to shows like â€Å"America’s Next Top Model†; these shows are fixated on broadcasting a false image of women and create an expectation that is impossible for women to measure up to. This was made explicitly clear in a banned episode of Pokà ©mon where Misty is forced to compete in a swimwear contest and is threatened by James who cross-dresses and wears inf latable breasts; this shows the emphasis on big breasts as a sign of beauty and worth in both our society and the Pokà ©mon society.Overall I believe Pokà ©mon is remarkably similar to our own society and the issues faced by women, although women are also allowed to start of their own journey and even join the elite four (The Elite Four are four Pokà ©mon Trainers who are regarded as the toughest in their regional Pokà ©mon League, short of the Pokà ©mon League Champion. Those who challenge the Elite Four must have won all eight Badges from that region and face all four and the current Champion consecutively without losing to any of them. there is inequalities that is not only caused by the double standards and expectations of women but by their lack of liberty and burdens of responsibility. If we look back at Delia Ketchum she is abandoned by Mr Ketchum and forced to look after Ash whilst maintaining a restaurant passed down to her from her mother and is never allowed to pursu e her dreams of becoming a Pokà ©mon trainer and model. She is not shown any sympathy or pity she is merely marginalised along with many other characters and this practice is ongoing, Misty was just another victim of this cruel system.